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Intellectual Cultural Heritage
11
NO.
Domain
Description
5
“Traditional craftsmanship”
means the knowledge and
skills of a group of people
in making handicraft works,
in selecting materials and
methods to create
handicraft works that
reflect the identity and the
social development and
culture.
5) “Astrology and astronomy” is the knowledge of how to make
predictions and forecasts, fortune-telling, soothsaying and knowledge of the
horoscope, astrology, the universe, and the supernatural phenomenon; or the
art of making forecasts by studying the constellation and the movements and
positions of the stars such as the art of naming, of making predictions,
of finding propitious time, and so on.
1) “Textile and textile products making” means the making of fabric
by weaving, dying, knitting, embroidering,
ti kliao
, adding extra weft threads
and pulling weft thread technique, weft ikat, printing motifs, khit,
ko/luang
technique. It is used for making clothes and to show the status of the wearer.
Thai textile materials are not broad and the motifs are associated with folk
myths, beliefs, and nature. The motifs are usually made by the weft threads.
In the traditional use, Thai people prefer to use the whole of the cloth fabric
without cutting, for example, the
pha khao ma
, traditional cloth shoulder
bags, tube skirts, and sarong. For skirt, Thai people prefer cloth with
decorative motifs and designed patterns, but for shawls, they prefer plain
cloth.
2) “Basketry” means the making of household objects by weaving
together thin strips of wood, which are in use in the Thai people’s house,
such as baskets,
krachat
(low baskets with a wide rim and narrow base),
krabung
(high basket with a round shape and square base), which are made
from local materials such as bamboo, rattan,
krachut
(Lepironia articulate
(Retz.) Domin),
lamchiak
(
Pandanus odoratissimus
Linn). These materials are
split or “chak” into long, thin strips before they are weaved or “san”–hence
the name “
Khreuang Chak San
” (“Split and weave objects”-basketry).
There are several weaving methods, such as knitting, tying, fastening,
binding, stringing. Strips of bamboo or rattan are used for weaving, which are
durable and the objects retain their shape for a long time.
3) “Lacquerware” means the making of handicraft objects that are
coated with lacquer made from the gum of
Rak
tree (
Melanorrhoea usitata
Wall.) Various applications and techniques are used to make lacquer objects,
for example, the gi l t lacquer , gold appl iqué on lacquer ,
kammalo
(Japanese style lacquer object), mother-of-pearl or coloured glass inlay on
lacquer,
pan kranae
(gilt stucco work), and
khoen
(vermillion paint on lacquer).
The gum from Rak tree is viscous and sticky. It holds fast to the surface of
objects and when the gum dries, it makes a smooth and shiny surface and is
resistant to heat, moisture, weak acid or alkaline. Rak’s gum also acts as a
binding agent for
samuk
(ground charcoal of dried banana leaves and lalang
grass, used as a primer on surfaces of wood to be gilded with gold leaves)
or other colours.
4) “Pottery” is the handicraft work that uses clay as the principal
raw material. Pottery comes in glazed and unglazed version. The clay must
be mixed with fine sand from the river, which helps to make the clay dry well
and prevent cracking. Different types of clay from various sites give the
different colour to the pottery. Kaolin clay from Lampang Province, for
example, gives a white colour; from Ratchaburi Province, red; from Dan
Kwian, ochre, or brown tinged with purple, or blue.